CROSS-STANDARD public interest · Wireless / IoT device

China-to-Kosovo Wireless / IoT Device Compliance Gap Matrix (RAEPC / EU-RED)

AI-compiled from official public sources — cross-checked by multiple AI models, not human-verified. Informational only; see disclaimer. Public-interest, source-linked comparison of common China wireless and IoT device documentation against Kosovo RAEPC requirements under the transposed EU Radio Equipment Directive (RED 2014/53/EU), covering CE marking with Declaration of Conformity, EN/ETSI harmonised radio and EMC standards, electrical safety for 230 V / 50 Hz / Type C/F, EU Authorised Representative or Kosovo local importer registration, and cybersecurity obligations under Kosovo data-protection law and RED Article 3(3).

Dataset 2026-06-11 Last verified 2026-06-17 6 rows

GAP MATRIX

Compliance Gap Matrix

Gap matrix
Compliance item Common China baseline Kosovo (RAEPC / EU-RED) Gap / action Source + verification date
Cybersecurity and Data Protection (RED Art. 3(3)(d)(e)(f) / Kosovo PDPL) China has mandatory cybersecurity and data protection requirements under the Cybersecurity Law (CSL, 2017), Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL, 2021), and Data Security Law (DSL, 2021). IoT devices may be subject to MIIT network security requirements and GB/T 35273 (personal information security specification). China's CCRC (China Cybersecurity Review Certification) is emerging but not equivalent to EU RED cybersecurity requirements. The Chinese frameworks are territorially scoped to China and do not satisfy Kosovo or EU cybersecurity obligations.PRC Cybersecurity Law (CSL) 2017
PRC Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL) 2021
PRC Data Security Law (DSL) 2021
GB/T 35273-2020 (personal information security specification — based on ISO/IEC 29101)
MIIT IoT security technical requirements (YD/T series)		 Kosovo has enacted a GDPR-equivalent Personal Data Protection Law (Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data, 2019), supervised by the Information and Privacy Agency (IPA / Agjencia e Informimit dhe Privatësisë). For internet-connected wireless devices, RED Article 3(3)(d)(e)(f) delegated regulations (Commission Delegated Regulation EU 2022/30, applicable from August 2024) require that network-connected radio equipment (including Wi-Fi routers, smart home devices, IoT wearables) protects against fraudulent access, safeguards personal data and privacy, and avoids harm to communications networks. Manufacturers must self-declare or use harmonised cybersecurity standards (e.g. ETSI EN 303 645 for consumer IoT). Kosovo aligns with EU cybersecurity frameworks through its SAA obligations and EU accession process.Kosovo Law No. 06/L-082 on Protection of Personal Data (2019) — GDPR-equivalent
EU RED 2014/53/EU Art. 3(3)(d)(e)(f) (cybersecurity for network-connected equipment)
Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/30 (cybersecurity requirements under RED — applicable from Aug 2024)
ETSI EN 303 645 v2.1.1 (Cyber Security for Consumer IoT — basis for RED Art. 3(3) compliance)
ETSI TS 103 701 v1.1.1 (assessment specification for EN 303 645)
Kosovo SAA (Stabilisation and Association Agreement) — EU regulatory alignment obligations		 Kosovo GDPR-equivalent data protection law and EU RED Art. 3(3) cybersecurity delegated regulation requirements apply to internet-connected wireless devices sold in Kosovo. Chinese CSL/PIPL/DSL compliance does not satisfy Kosovo data protection or EU RED cybersecurity requirements. Manufacturers of network-connected Wi-Fi, BT, and IoT devices must demonstrate compliance with ETSI EN 303 645 or equivalent harmonised standards and include cybersecurity provisions in the DoC. Default password policies, vulnerability disclosure practices, and software update mechanisms must meet EU/Kosovo cybersecurity baselines.[INFORMATIONAL] Internet-connected wireless devices (Wi-Fi routers, smart home, IoT wearables) sold in Kosovo must comply with RED Art. 3(3) cybersecurity delegated requirements (EU 2022/30) and Kosovo data-protection law (Law 06/L-082). Chinese CSL/PIPL certifications are territorially scoped and do not substitute. Manufacturers should align with ETSI EN 303 645 and ensure DoC covers cybersecurity essentials. Kosovo IPA is the supervisory authority for personal data protection violations. EUR-Lex — Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/30 supplementing RED Directive 2014/53/EU2026-06-17 · reference
Electrical Safety (RED Art. 3(1)(a) / LVD transposition — 230 V / 50 Hz / Type C/F) China requires electrical safety certification under GB 4943.1 (IT equipment safety, based on IEC 60950-1) as part of CCC compulsory certification for applicable product categories. CCC testing is conducted by CNCA-designated laboratories. China mains voltage is 220 V / 50 Hz with Type A/I plugs (GB 2099.1); plug compatibility differs from Kosovo Type C/F.GB 4943.1-2011/A1:2017 (IT equipment safety — based on IEC 60950-1)
CCC compulsory certification (CNCA designated laboratories)
GB 2099.1-2008 (plugs and socket-outlets — China Type A/I)
220 V / 50 Hz mains voltage (same frequency as Kosovo; plug type differs)		 Kosovo has transposed EU Low Voltage Directive 2014/35/EU (LVD) and RED Article 3(1)(a) requiring radio equipment to be safe for health and electrical safety. The primary applicable safety standard is EN IEC 62368-1 (audio/video and information technology equipment — safety requirements). Kosovo mains voltage is 220-230 V / 50 Hz; plug type is Type C (Europlug) and Type F (Schuko). All power-connected wireless devices must comply with EN IEC 62368-1 or the transitional EN 60950-1 (for products still within transition period). CE DoC must reference the applicable safety standard.EU LVD 2014/35/EU (transposed by Kosovo)
EU RED 2014/53/EU Art. 3(1)(a) (protection of health and safety)
EN IEC 62368-1:2020+A11:2021 (audio/video and IT equipment — safety)
EN 60950-1:2006+A2:2013 (IT equipment safety — transitional, now superseded by 62368-1)
Kosovo mains: 220-230 V / 50 Hz / IEC 60083 Type C and Type F plugs		 EN IEC 62368-1 test reports from an EU/ILAC-accredited laboratory are required; GB 4943.1 test reports are not accepted as equivalents for Kosovo. CCC certification does not satisfy Kosovo LVD/RED safety requirements. Additionally, product power supplies and plugs must be designed for Type C/F (Schuko/Europlug) — Chinese Type A/I plugs are not compatible with Kosovo sockets. Adapters bundled with product may require separate safety compliance review.[INFORMATIONAL] EN IEC 62368-1 electrical safety testing and CE DoC referencing this standard are mandatory for Kosovo. GB 4943.1 and CCC do not satisfy Kosovo requirements. Plug and power supply configuration must match Kosovo Type C/F / 230 V / 50 Hz. Chinese product configurations shipped with Type A/I plugs require hardware modification or certified adapter inclusion. EUR-Lex / European Commission — LVD 2014/35/EU2026-06-17 · reference
EMC — Emissions and Immunity (RED Art. 3(1)(b) / EMC Directive transposition) China mandates EMC testing under GB 9254 (information technology equipment radio disturbance) and GB/T 17618 (immunity) as part of CCC certification for applicable product categories. Testing is conducted by CNAS/ILAC-accredited laboratories. EMC compliance is bundled into the CCC certificate; no separate EMC DoC is issued.GB 9254-2008/A1:2018 (radio disturbance of IT equipment — based on CISPR 22)
GB/T 17618-2015 (immunity of IT equipment — based on CISPR 24)
GB 17625.1-2012 (harmonic currents — based on IEC 61000-3-2)
CCC compulsory certification catalogue		 Kosovo has transposed the EU EMC Directive 2014/30/EU and RED Article 3(1)(b) requiring that radio equipment does not disturb other equipment and is itself immune to interference. Applicable harmonised standards include EN 55032 (CISPR 32) for emissions from multimedia equipment and EN 55035 (CISPR 35) for immunity. Compliance is demonstrated through a DoC referencing the EN standards; no separate Kosovo EMC certificate is required beyond the RED/EMC DoC framework.EU EMC Directive 2014/30/EU (transposed by Kosovo)
EU RED 2014/53/EU Art. 3(1)(b) (electromagnetic compatibility)
EN 55032:2015+A1:2020 (CISPR 32 — emissions from multimedia equipment)
EN 55035:2017+A11:2020 (CISPR 35 — immunity of multimedia equipment)
EN 61000-3-2:2019 (harmonic currents)
EN 61000-3-3:2013+A2:2021 (voltage fluctuations)		 EN 55032/EN 55035 test reports from an EU-accredited or ILAC MRA laboratory are required for Kosovo/EU RED compliance. GB 9254/GB 17618 test reports are not accepted as equivalents. CCC does not satisfy Kosovo EMC requirements. A separate DoC referencing EN standards must be prepared; Chinese CCC certificate cannot substitute.[INFORMATIONAL] EN 55032 and EN 55035 EMC testing against EU harmonised standards is mandatory for Kosovo market entry. GB 9254 and GB/T 17618 tests are not substitutable. Manufacturers must obtain EN-based EMC test reports from an accredited laboratory and include them in the technical file supporting the DoC. EUR-Lex / European Commission — EMC Directive 2014/30/EU2026-06-17 · reference
Radio Spectrum Coexistence / Efficient Use (RED Art. 3(2)) China SRRC radio type approval certifies transmit power, operating frequency, and spectrum use under MIIT Order No. 52. Radio type approval is mandatory for any device that emits radio frequency energy. Testing follows MIIT/YD standards. SRRC certificates reference specific frequency bands and power limits set by MIIT spectrum allocation rules.MIIT Order No. 52 (radio type approval administration)
YD/T 1950-2009 (2.4 GHz WLAN radio parameters)
YD/T 2559-2013 (5 GHz WLAN radio parameters)
China frequency allocation table (MIIT 2018 revision)		 RED Article 3(2) requires radio equipment to be constructed to effectively use radio spectrum and avoid harmful interference. For Wi-Fi (2.4 GHz / 5 GHz), Bluetooth, and short-range IoT devices, Kosovo follows harmonised EN/ETSI standards: ETSI EN 300 328 (2.4 GHz), EN 301 893 (5 GHz WLAN), EN 300 330 (LF/HF RFID), EN 300 220 (sub-1 GHz SRD). Transmit power limits and duty-cycle restrictions align with EU ETSI decisions adopted by RAEPC.EU RED 2014/53/EU Art. 3(2) (efficient use of radio spectrum)
ETSI EN 300 328 v2.2.2 (2.4 GHz wideband devices — WLAN, BT)
ETSI EN 301 893 v2.1.1 (5 GHz WLAN — RLAN)
ETSI EN 300 330 v2.1.1 (LF and HF RFID)
ETSI EN 300 220-2 v3.2.1 (sub-1 GHz SRD — duty-cycle / power limits)
ETSI EN 303 413 v1.2.1 (GNSS receivers)		 SRRC type approval and YD standard test reports are not accepted by RAEPC as substitutes for EN/ETSI harmonised standard compliance under RED Art. 3(2). Transmit power limits and permitted frequency sub-bands may differ between China SRRC rules and EU ETSI standards (e.g. 5 GHz DFS requirements differ). EN/ETSI testing by an accredited laboratory is required.[INFORMATIONAL] EN/ETSI harmonised standard testing for spectrum use efficiency is mandatory for Kosovo market access under RED Art. 3(2). SRRC certificates and Chinese YD radio test reports are not substitutable. Particular attention is required for 5 GHz DFS sub-band permissions and power limits, which may differ from Chinese SRRC approvals. ETSI — EN 300 328 v2.2.22026-06-17 · reference
EU Authorised Representative / Kosovo Local Importer Registration (RAEPC) For China domestic market, MIIT Network Access Licence (NAL / 入网许可证) requires a locally registered enterprise to hold the licence; foreign manufacturers typically partner with a Chinese entity. SRRC type approval similarly requires a China-registered applicant. There is no equivalent EU Authorised Representative concept; instead, China uses domestic licence holder or SRRC certificate holder as the responsible party.MIIT Regulations on Telecoms Equipment Access (Network Access Licence / NAL)
MIIT Order No. 52 (SRRC type approval — requires China-registered applicant)
China Compulsory Certification (CCC) — domestic-entity applicant requirement		 Under EU RED 2014/53/EU as transposed by Kosovo, a manufacturer established outside Kosovo or the EU must appoint an EU Authorised Representative or a Kosovo-based importer before placing wireless/radio equipment on the Kosovo market. The Authorised Representative or importer must: (1) hold copies of the EU DoC and technical file; (2) register with RAEPC or relevant Kosovo customs/market surveillance authority; (3) be named on the product label or packaging. The importer bears co-responsibility for product conformity and market surveillance obligations. Kosovo's SAA alignment with the EU means EU Authorised Representatives registered within the EU/EEA are generally accepted.EU RED 2014/53/EU Art. 17 (Authorised Representatives) and Art. 19 (Importers)
Kosovo Law on Electronic Communications No. 04/L-109
Kosovo Stabilisation and Association Agreement with the EU (SAA, in force 2016)
RAEPC market surveillance regulations		 Chinese manufacturers exporting to Kosovo must appoint an EU Authorised Representative (based in an EU/EEA member state) or a Kosovo-based importer. This is a structural market-access obligation with no equivalent in the Chinese domestic certification system. The EU AR or Kosovo importer must be named on product labels and hold the DoC and technical file. Failure to appoint an AR or local importer can result in product being barred from Kosovo customs.[INFORMATIONAL] Appointing an EU Authorised Representative or Kosovo-based importer is a mandatory pre-market obligation for Chinese exporters under Kosovo RED transposition. This representative must be identified on product labels and hold the DoC and technical file. No China certification (SRRC, CCC, NAL) satisfies this obligation. RAEPC — Regulatory Authority of Electronic and Postal Communications, Republic of Kosovo2026-06-17 · reference
Radio Type Approval / RED CE Conformity (RAEPC) China requires MIIT/SRRC radio type approval for wireless transmitters under the Radio Regulations of the People's Republic of China and MIIT Order No. 52. Type approval testing follows MIIT/YD and GB radio standards. CCC certification additionally applies to certain wireless consumer products under GB compulsory standards. SRRC certificate numbers must appear on product labels.Radio Regulations of the PRC (2016 revision)
MIIT Order No. 52 — Administration of Radio Transmitting Equipment Type Approval
YD/T 1950-2009 (2.4 GHz WLAN)
YD/T 2559-2013 (5 GHz WLAN)
CCC Catalogue (GB 4943.1, GB 9254, etc.) where applicable		 Kosovo has transposed EU RED 2014/53/EU into national law through RAEPC (Regulatory Authority of Electronic and Postal Communications). All wireless and radio equipment placed on the Kosovo market must bear a CE mark and be accompanied by an EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC) demonstrating conformance with applicable EN/ETSI harmonised standards (e.g. EN 300 328 for 2.4 GHz WLAN/BT, EN 301 893 for 5 GHz WLAN, EN 300 440 for generic short-range devices). No separate national radio type certificate is required beyond the CE/DoC route; RAEPC accepts the CE route as type acceptance under Kosovo electronic communications law.EU RED 2014/53/EU (transposed by Kosovo via RAEPC)
ETSI EN 300 328 v2.2.2 (2.4 GHz wideband — WLAN, Bluetooth)
ETSI EN 301 893 v2.1.1 (5 GHz WLAN)
ETSI EN 300 440 v2.2.1 (generic short-range devices)
Kosovo Law on Electronic Communications No. 04/L-109		 Kosovo/EU RED CE marking with DoC is required instead of SRRC type approval. SRRC certificates are not recognised by RAEPC and do not substitute for CE DoC. CCC is not recognised in Kosovo. EN/ETSI harmonised standard test reports (from EU-notified or accredited laboratories) are required; Chinese YD/GB test reports are not accepted as equivalents.[INFORMATIONAL] Chinese SRRC radio type approval and CCC do not satisfy Kosovo RAEPC requirements. CE marking with EU Declaration of Conformity against EN/ETSI harmonised standards is mandatory. Manufacturers must commission EN/ETSI testing from an accredited laboratory and issue a DoC before placing wireless devices on the Kosovo market. RAEPC — Regulatory Authority of Electronic and Postal Communications, Republic of Kosovo2026-06-17 · reference

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