CROSS-STANDARD public interest · Wireless / IoT device
China-to-Greece Wireless / IoT Device Compliance Gap Matrix
AI-compiled from official public sources — cross-checked by multiple AI models, not human-verified. Informational only; see disclaimer. Public-interest, source-linked comparison of common China wireless and IoT device documentation against Greece / EU Radio Equipment Directive (RED 2014/53/EU) requirements enforced by EETT (Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission), covering CE marking, radio performance, EMC, electrical safety, cybersecurity (mandatory from 1 August 2025), EU Authorised Representative, and Greek-language labelling obligations.
Dataset 2026-06-11
Last verified 2026-06-17
6 rows
GAP MATRIX
Compliance Gap Matrix
| Compliance item | Common China baseline | Greece (EETT / CE) | Gap / action | Source + verification date |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cybersecurity — RED Art. 3.3(d)-(f) + EN 18031 Series (mandatory from 1 Aug 2025, Greece / EETT) | China has no direct regulatory equivalent to RED Art. 3.3(d)-(f) cybersecurity requirements. The closest Chinese frameworks are: (1) GB/T 22239-2019 (Multi-level Protection Scheme / MLPS 2.0) for network security grading — applicable to operators/platforms rather than individual device hardware; (2) MIIT IoT security guidelines (YD/T 3628-2019 series) for IoT terminal security — voluntary, not device-market-access mandatory; (3) SRRC type approval and CCC do not include cybersecurity testing against EN 18031 requirements. No Chinese export certification or approval substitutes for RED Art. 3.3(d)-(f) conformity assessment. The Cyberspace Administration of China (CAC) oversees data security and personal information protection (PIPL), which governs platform/service operators rather than hardware device manufacturers at point of export.GB/T 22239-2019 — Information security technology; baseline for classified protection of cybersecurity (MLPS 2.0) (MIIT/CAC; platform/operator scope, not device hardware) YD/T 3628-2019 series — IoT terminal security requirements (MIIT; voluntary guideline) PIPL (Personal Information Protection Law) — CAC; governs data processors, not hardware device market access |
From 1 August 2025, RED Art. 3.3(d)-(f) cybersecurity requirements became mandatory for radio equipment that (d) can communicate over the internet, (e) can process personal data or privacy-sensitive data, or (f) is a child-directed or wearable internet-connected device. The applicable harmonised standard series is EN 18031 (EN 18031-1:2024 for internet-connected radio equipment, EN 18031-2:2024 for internet-connected radio equipment processing personal data, EN 18031-3:2024 for child equipment and toys). Compliance grants presumption of conformity with RED Art. 3.3(d)-(f). Greece fully implements these requirements as a direct-application EU regulation; EETT enforces RED cybersecurity obligations nationally. Products placed on the Greek market before 1 August 2025 benefit from a transitional arrangement, but new models entering after the effective date must comply. The EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA, Regulation (EU) 2024/2847) will impose broader product security requirements from 2027 — manufacturers should plan for CRA compliance alongside RED cybersecurity obligations.Directive 2014/53/EU (RED), Art. 3.3(d)-(f) — cybersecurity essential requirements mandatory from 1 August 2025 Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2022/30 — activating RED Art. 3.3(d)-(f) for specified categories of radio equipment EN 18031-1:2024 — Internet-connected radio equipment; common security requirements EN 18031-2:2024 — Internet-connected radio equipment processing personal data EN 18031-3:2024 — Internet-connected radio equipment for children; toys Regulation (EU) 2024/2847 (Cyber Resilience Act — CRA) — broader product cybersecurity obligations from 2027 |
This is a zero-equivalence gap: no Chinese domestic certification, approval, or standard satisfies RED Art. 3.3(d)-(f) cybersecurity requirements enforced by EETT in Greece. From 1 August 2025, any Wi-Fi router, smart home device, IoT gateway, or internet-connected wearable placed on the Greek market must demonstrate conformity with EN 18031-1 (and EN 18031-2 if personal data is processed; EN 18031-3 if child-directed). Key testing obligations under EN 18031-1 include: (1) network access control — devices must not use universal default passwords; (2) secure update mechanism — software/firmware updates must be authenticated and integrity-checked; (3) exposure minimisation — unused network services, interfaces, and ports must be disabled by default; (4) secure communications — data transmitted over public networks must be encrypted. Manufacturers must either self-declare using harmonised EN 18031 standards or use a notified body for conformity assessment where required. The upcoming EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA, applicable from late 2027) will extend cybersecurity obligations; manufacturers should align RED Art. 3.3 compliance with CRA planning to avoid double-remediation. EETT and the Greek CERT (ADAE — Hellenic Authority for Communication Security and Privacy) may coordinate on cybersecurity enforcement for networked devices.[INFORMATIONAL] RED Art. 3.3(d)-(f) cybersecurity requirements are mandatory in Greece from 1 August 2025 for internet-connected, personal-data-processing, and child-directed radio equipment. No Chinese domestic certification substitutes for EN 18031 conformity. Manufacturers must test to EN 18031-1/2/3 as applicable, include cybersecurity requirements in the DoC, and retain technical documentation for EETT inspection. The EU CRA from 2027 will add further obligations; planning should begin now. EETT and ADAE may coordinate enforcement for networked devices in Greece. | EUR-Lex / Official Journal of the European Union2026-06-17 · reference |
| Electrical Safety — RED Art. 3.1(a) + EN IEC 62368-1 (Greece 230 V/50 Hz, Plug C/F) | In China, information technology equipment safety is governed by GB 4943.1-2022 (equivalent to IEC 62368-1:2018, second edition), mandatory under CCC (CNCA-C17-01) for IT equipment. Chinese mains supply is 220 V/50 Hz with plug types A and I (GB 2099 series); Chinese products are often designed for 100–240 V input, but the plug type will differ from Greek C/F sockets. GB 4943.1-2022 aligns with IEC 62368-1 second edition, while EN IEC 62368-1:2020+A11:2021 is derived from the third edition with an EU-specific A11 amendment. Chinese CCC safety certificates do not satisfy RED Art. 3.1(a) conformity assessment in Greece.GB 4943.1-2022 — Information technology equipment; safety; Part 1: General requirements (equivalent to IEC 62368-1:2018 2nd edition) (SAMR/CNCA, mandatory under CCC) GB 2099 series — Plugs and socket-outlets for household and similar use (Chinese plug types A/I) |
Greece applies EU harmonised electrical safety standards without national derogation. Under RED 2014/53/EU Art. 3.1(a), radio equipment must protect the health and safety of persons, domestic animals, and property. For Wi-Fi routers, IoT gateways, smart home devices, and Bluetooth accessories, the mandatory harmonised safety standard is EN IEC 62368-1:2020+A11:2021 (Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment — Part 1: Safety requirements). EN 60950-1 ceased to provide presumption of conformity on 20 December 2020 and is no longer acceptable. Greece uses 230 V/50 Hz mains supply and plug types C (Europlug) and F (Schuko); mains-powered devices must be verified for compatibility with these supply parameters. Products must be labelled with the supply voltage/frequency in Greek (in addition to other EU languages or symbols) for consumer-facing products. EETT enforces RED Art. 3.1(a) for radio equipment; EFPAE (General Secretariat of Commerce and Consumer Protection) enforces general product safety obligations alongside.Directive 2014/53/EU (RED), Art. 3.1(a) — as transposed in Greece EN IEC 62368-1:2020+A11:2021 — Audio/video, information and communication technology equipment; Part 1: Safety requirements (harmonised under RED and LVD) Directive 2014/35/EU (LVD) — Low Voltage Directive; may apply to standalone mains-powered accessories |
Four gaps apply for Chinese manufacturers exporting to Greece: (1) Edition gap — EN IEC 62368-1:2020+A11:2021 (3rd edition + EU amendment) vs. GB 4943.1-2022 (2nd edition); A11 introduces additional fire enclosure and earthing conductor requirements absent from the Chinese standard; (2) Supply voltage/plug compatibility — China 220 V/A/I plug vs. Greece 230 V/50 Hz/C/F; products must be tested and labelled for European supply parameters; (3) Chinese CCC test reports are insufficient for RED Art. 3.1(a) — re-testing at an EU-recognised laboratory is required; (4) EN 60950-1 is no longer valid and must not be cited in the DoC. EFPAE may additionally enforce General Product Safety Regulation (GPSR) obligations for consumer-facing devices sold in Greece.[INFORMATIONAL] EN IEC 62368-1:2020+A11:2021 is mandatory for electrical safety under RED Art. 3.1(a) in Greece. EN 60950-1 is no longer valid. Chinese CCC tests to GB 4943.1-2022 (2nd edition) do not cover EU A11 requirements. Products must also be verified for 230 V/50 Hz operation and C/F plug compatibility. Re-testing at an EU-recognised laboratory and Greek-language labelling of supply parameters are required for consumer products. | EUR-Lex / Official Journal of the European Union2026-06-17 · reference |
| EMC — RED Art. 3.1(b) + EN 301 489 Series (Greece / EETT) | Chinese EMC requirements for wireless devices are covered by GB/T 9254.1-2021 (emissions, equivalent to CISPR 32:2015) and GB/T 17618-2015 (immunity, equivalent to CISPR 24:2010), administered by SAMR/SAC. CCC-listed products are tested at CNCA-designated laboratories. While the underlying emission limits are broadly aligned with CISPR 32, EN 301 489-17 applies RLAN-specific test modes and duty-cycle-adjusted averaging not present in the Chinese GB/T framework. Chinese test reports are not accepted by EETT as evidence of RED EMC conformity.GB/T 9254.1-2021 — Information technology equipment; radio disturbance characteristics (emissions, equivalent to CISPR 32:2015) (SAMR/SAC) GB/T 17618-2015 — Information technology equipment; immunity characteristics (equivalent to CISPR 24:2010) (SAMR/SAC) |
Greece applies EU harmonised EMC requirements without national derogation. Radio equipment must protect the radio spectrum and ensure adequate immunity under RED 2014/53/EU Art. 3.1(b). For Wi-Fi and Bluetooth devices, the applicable harmonised standards are EN 301 489-1 v2.2.3 (common technical requirements) and EN 301 489-17 v3.2.4 (specific conditions for RLAN / Bluetooth broadband data transmission systems). These standards reference CISPR 32 emission limits and IEC 61000-4 immunity levels. EETT is the national authority enforcing RED EMC requirements in Greece; it can request test reports and DoC documentation from importers or EU Authorised Representatives at any time. Greece operates within the standard EU harmonised spectrum framework with no national spectrum derogations for Wi-Fi or Bluetooth bands.Directive 2014/53/EU (RED), Art. 3.1(b) — as transposed in Greece EN 301 489-1 v2.2.3 — Electromagnetic compatibility and radio spectrum matters; common technical requirements EN 301 489-17 v3.2.4 — Specific conditions for broadband data transmission systems (RLAN / Bluetooth) |
Chinese EMC test reports to GB/T 9254.1 / GB/T 17618 cannot substitute for EN 301 489-1 + EN 301 489-17 compliance in Greece. Key gaps: (1) EN 301 489-17 applies RLAN-specific duty-cycle-adjusted emission averaging and dedicated test modes not present in GB/T 9254.1; (2) EU immunity test configurations under EN 301 489-1 reference specific IEC 61000-4 severity levels that may differ from Chinese test setups; (3) EETT may request test reports citing the specific harmonised EN version — Chinese GB reports do not meet this evidential standard. Re-testing at an ILAC MRA-member or EU-accredited laboratory to EN 301 489-1 + EN 301 489-17 is required. Test reports must be retained for 10 years and made available to EETT on request.[INFORMATIONAL] RED Art. 3.1(b) EMC compliance for Wi-Fi/Bluetooth devices in Greece requires EN 301 489-1 + EN 301 489-17 testing. Chinese GB/T 9254.1 / GB/T 17618 reports are not accepted. EETT may request test documentation at any time. EU-accredited laboratory re-testing is required, and reports must be referenced in the DoC and retained for 10 years. | ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute)2026-06-17 · reference |
| EMC Directive 2014/30/EU — Applicability to Non-Radio EEE in Greece | China does not distinguish between radio and non-radio EMC frameworks in the same manner as the EU. GB/T 9254.1-2021 covers emissions for information technology equipment generally. The CCC mandatory certification scope under CNCA-C17-01 covers both radio-enabled and wired IT equipment under the same EMC standard framework. There is no Chinese regulatory analogue to the EU distinction between RED Art. 3.1(b) and the standalone EMCD for IT/AV equipment.GB/T 9254.1-2021 — Information technology equipment; radio disturbance characteristics (SAMR/SAC) CCC CNCA-C17-01 — China Compulsory Certification for information technology equipment (SAMR/CNCA) |
For electrical or electronic products that are not radio equipment (i.e., do not contain a radio transmitter or receiver), Greece applies the EMC Directive 2014/30/EU (EMCD) rather than RED. However, for the wireless/IoT device category covered by this dataset, RED 2014/53/EU is the primary applicable directive and its Art. 3.1(b) EMC essential requirement subsumes EMCD for in-scope radio equipment. Products that combine radio and non-radio functions (e.g., a smart home hub with both Wi-Fi and a wired Ethernet port) are assessed under RED for the radio elements; the non-radio elements may also need EMCD compliance if sold separately as standalone non-radio EEE. EETT enforces EMCD for non-radio EEE alongside RED enforcement for radio equipment.Directive 2014/30/EU (EMCD) — Electromagnetic Compatibility Directive; applies to EEE not covered by RED Directive 2014/53/EU (RED), Art. 3.1(b) — subsumes EMCD for radio equipment in scope EN 55032:2015+A11:2020 — Electromagnetic compatibility of multimedia equipment; emission requirements (harmonised under EMCD) |
For wireless/IoT products exported from China to Greece, RED Art. 3.1(b) is the primary EMC gate and the relevant EN 301 489 series standards must be applied. If the product also contains non-radio EEE functionality sold standalone or the product is borderline for RED scope, EMCD EN 55032 compliance may additionally be needed. Manufacturers should confirm product scope under RED Article 1 before selecting the conformity assessment route. EETT enforces both RED and EMCD; incorrect directive selection is a common compliance deficiency found in EU market surveillance.[INFORMATIONAL] For wireless/IoT devices exported to Greece, RED Art. 3.1(b) and EN 301 489 series are the mandatory EMC pathway; EMCD 2014/30/EU applies to any non-radio EEE component sold separately. Incorrect directive selection is a recognised market-surveillance risk. Chinese GB/T EMC reports satisfy neither pathway. Manufacturers must confirm scope under RED Art. 1 and apply the correct harmonised standards. | EUR-Lex / Official Journal of the European Union2026-06-17 · reference |
| EU Authorised Representative & Importer Obligations — RED Art. 11–14 (Greece / EETT) | China has no requirement for an EU-style Authorised Representative for domestic market placement. Chinese regulatory frameworks (SRRC, CCC, MIIT NAL) are manufacturer-facing obligations administered by Chinese authorities. For export products, Chinese manufacturers are not required by Chinese law to appoint a representative in the destination country. The concept of a third-party legal representative bearing manufacturer obligations in the destination market has no direct Chinese equivalent. REACH/RoHS-equivalent obligations in China (GB/T 26572-2011 on restricted substances) are self-certified by manufacturers without a separate representative requirement.SRRC Type Approval — NRA/MIIT; manufacturer-facing obligation; no EU AR equivalent CCC — China Compulsory Certification (CNCA-C17-01); no EU AR equivalent GB/T 26572-2011 — Requirements for concentration limits for certain restricted hazardous substances in electronic and electrical products (Chinese RoHS equivalent) |
Under RED 2014/53/EU Articles 11–14, a manufacturer established outside the EU must appoint an EU Authorised Representative (EU AR) before placing radio equipment on the EU market, including Greece. The EU AR is a natural or legal person established in the EU who acts on behalf of the manufacturer and is the point of contact for EETT and other market surveillance authorities. The EU AR must be named in the Declaration of Conformity (DoC), on the product label, and in the technical documentation. The importer (the person who places third-country products on the EU market) bears distinct legal obligations: verifying conformity, ensuring DoC and technical file are available, affixing importer name and address on the product, and retaining documentation for 10 years. Where a Chinese manufacturer ships directly to Greece via Piraeus port or through a Greek distributor, the importer role may fall on the Greek distributor unless a dedicated EU importer entity is established. EETT can request the DoC and full technical documentation from the EU AR or importer at any time.Directive 2014/53/EU (RED), Art. 11 (Importers), Art. 12 (Distributors), Art. 13 (Cases in which obligations of manufacturers apply to importers and distributors), Art. 14 (Authorised representatives) Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 — market surveillance and conformity of products; importer and distributor obligations Greek Presidential Decree No. 100/2017 — national transposition of RED 2014/53/EU |
Chinese manufacturers exporting wireless devices to Greece must appoint a named EU Authorised Representative established in an EU member state before first shipment. The EU AR must be: (1) named in the EU Declaration of Conformity; (2) named on the product or packaging label (name and EU address); (3) named in all technical documentation retained for EETT. Failure to appoint an EU AR renders the product non-compliant under RED Art. 14 and subjects both the manufacturer and importer to EETT enforcement action. Greece's position as a Mediterranean logistics hub (Piraeus port, Belt and Road Initiative) means EETT and Greek customs pay close attention to import documentation. Where no dedicated EU importer exists, the Greek distributor bears importer-level obligations including 10-year document retention. RoHS 2 (Directive 2011/65/EU) and WEEE registration with a Greek producer compliance scheme are additional obligations linked to EU AR appointment that have no Chinese domestic equivalent.[INFORMATIONAL] EU Authorised Representative appointment is mandatory for Chinese manufacturers placing wireless devices on the Greek market. The EU AR must be named in the DoC, on the product label, and in all technical documentation. No Chinese certification (SRRC, CCC, MIIT NAL) substitutes for this obligation. EETT and Greek customs enforce at import stage; Piraeus port is a major entry point subject to active documentation checks. RoHS 2 compliance and Greek WEEE registration are linked obligations. | EUR-Lex / Official Journal of the European Union2026-06-17 · reference |
| CE Marking — RED 2014/53/EU + EETT National Enforcement (Greece) | In China, market access for wireless devices requires SRRC Type Approval (NRA/MIIT) for the radio transmitter module and, for IT equipment such as Wi-Fi routers and IoT gateways, CCC (China Compulsory Certification) under CNCA-C17-01. A separate MIIT Network Access Licence (NAL) is required for certain telecom terminal equipment. The SAMR supervises market surveillance through its provincial bureaus. Neither SRRC nor CCC confers CE marking or satisfies RED conformity assessment obligations in Greece or any EU country.SRRC Type Approval — NRA/MIIT mandatory radio licence for wireless transmitters CCC — China Compulsory Certification (CNCA-C17-01 for IT equipment) MIIT Network Access Licence (NAL) — for telecom terminal equipment |
Greece is an EU member state; the Radio Equipment Directive (RED) 2014/53/EU applies directly and in full. All wireless and radio equipment placed on the Greek market must bear the CE marking, backed by a signed EU Declaration of Conformity (DoC). The DoC must reference all applicable directives and harmonised standards (RED Art. 3.1(a) safety, Art. 3.1(b) EMC, Art. 3.2 radio performance, and Art. 3.3(d)-(f) cybersecurity where in scope). EETT (Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission — Εθνική Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών και Ταχυδρομείων) is Greece's national regulatory authority for telecommunications and postal services and serves as the national market surveillance authority for RED; it conducts market checks, can issue withdrawal orders, and reports non-compliant products to the EU Safety Gate / RAPEX system. EFPAE (General Secretariat of Commerce and Consumer Protection) also enforces general product safety. CE marking must be affixed to the product or its packaging before placement; minimum marking height is 5 mm. Greek-language labelling is required as Greece's official language under EU labelling law for consumer products.Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) — transposed into Greek law via Presidential Decree No. 100/2017 (P.D. 100/2017) implementing RED in Greece Regulation (EU) 2019/1020 — market surveillance and conformity of products (EETT as national authority for RED) Decision 768/2008/EC — CE marking conformity assessment modules Greek Presidential Decree No. 100/2017 — national transposition of RED 2014/53/EU |
CE marking under RED is a hard legal prerequisite for placing wireless devices on the Greek market. SRRC and CCC are not recognised and cannot substitute. Key Greece-specific points beyond the standard EU RED gap: (1) EETT actively enforces RED through market surveillance and product withdrawals — customs checks at Piraeus port (a major Belt and Road Initiative logistics hub) are coordinated with customs authorities; (2) Greek-language labelling is mandatory for consumer products (product name, manufacturer/EU AR name and address, model identifier, intended use where not self-evident); (3) Plug type C/F (Schuko) and 230 V/50 Hz must be confirmed for mains-powered devices; (4) WEEE registration with a Greek producer compliance scheme is required before market placement of EEE; (5) EFPAE and EETT may coordinate on GPSR enforcement for consumer-facing devices. Chinese manufacturers must complete the full EU RED conformity assessment (testing, DoC, CE mark, EU AR appointment) before any shipment to Greece.[INFORMATIONAL] CE marking under RED 2014/53/EU is the primary market-access gate for wireless devices entering Greece. EETT enforces RED nationally; non-compliant products are subject to withdrawal and Safety Gate / RAPEX notification. SRRC and CCC are not recognised. Greek-language labelling and WEEE registration are additional mandatory obligations beyond the EU-wide CE marking requirement. | EETT — Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (Εθνική Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών και Ταχυδρομείων)2026-06-17 · reference |
E-E-A-T
Named editorial review
Pending named reviewer
Official regulator, standards body, notified body, customs, or primary legal source preferred. Local PDFs are not accepted.
Editorial controlsRows must include publisher, official URL, access date, verification flag, and last_verified before human_reviewed can be true.
SOURCES
Official-source register.
- EUR-Lex / Official Journal of the European Union · accessed 2026-06-17 · reference · used in 1 rows
- EUR-Lex / Official Journal of the European Union · accessed 2026-06-17 · reference · used in 2 rows
- ETSI (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) · accessed 2026-06-17 · reference · used in 1 rows
- EUR-Lex / Official Journal of the European Union · accessed 2026-06-17 · reference · used in 1 rows
- EETT — Hellenic Telecommunications and Post Commission (Εθνική Επιτροπή Τηλεπικοινωνιών και Ταχυδρομείων) · accessed 2026-06-17 · reference · used in 1 rows