CROSS-STANDARD public interest · Wireless / IoT device

China-to-North Macedonia Wireless / IoT Device Compliance Gap Matrix (AEK / EU-RED)

AI-compiled from official public sources — cross-checked by multiple AI models, not human-verified. Informational only; see disclaimer. Public-interest, source-linked comparison of common China wireless and IoT device documentation against North Macedonia requirements under the transposed EU Radio Equipment Directive (RED 2014/53/EU), covering CE marking with Declaration of Conformity (DoC) submitted to AEK, EMC per EN/CISPR harmonised standards, electrical safety (230 V / 50 Hz, Type C/F), EU Authorised Representative or local importer obligation, Macedonian language labelling, and GDPR-aligned cybersecurity and data-protection requirements.

Dataset 2026-06-11 Last verified 2026-06-17 6 rows

GAP MATRIX

Compliance Gap Matrix

Gap matrix
Compliance item Common China baseline North Macedonia (AEK / EU-RED) Gap / action Source + verification date
Cybersecurity and Personal Data Protection In China, personal data protection for connected devices is governed by the Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL, 2021), the Cybersecurity Law (CSL, 2017), and the Data Security Law (DSL, 2021). IoT and wireless device cybersecurity requirements are addressed by GB/T 35273 (personal information security specification) and MIIT IoT security guidelines. There is no direct equivalent to EN 303 645 or the EU CRA; Chinese security certifications are not recognised in North Macedonia.Personal Information Protection Law (PIPL, 2021)
Cybersecurity Law of China (CSL, 2017)
Data Security Law (DSL, 2021)
GB/T 35273-2020 — Personal information security specification
GB/T 37644-2019 — IoT security requirements		 North Macedonia has enacted a Law on Personal Data Protection aligned with EU GDPR (Regulation 2016/679), administered by the Directorate for Personal Data Protection (DPDP). Connected wireless and IoT devices that collect, process, or transmit personal data are subject to these obligations. Under RED Article 3(3)(d)–(f) (cybersecurity essential requirements, applicable to certain internet-connected devices), conformity with EN 303 645 (ETSI Cyber Security for Consumer IoT) is the primary harmonised standard. The EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA, Regulation 2024/2847) entered into force in December 2024 and will progressively apply to products placed on EU/accession-candidate markets; North Macedonia as an EU accession candidate is expected to align. Manufacturers and importers should include cybersecurity conformity evidence in the CE technical file for internet-connected devices.ETSI EN 303 645 v2.1.1 — Cyber Security for Consumer Internet of Things
EU Regulation 2016/679 (GDPR, applied by reference via NM Law on Personal Data Protection)
Law on Personal Data Protection of North Macedonia
EU Regulation 2024/2847 (Cyber Resilience Act — CRA, entering progressive applicability)
EU Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) — Article 3(3)(d)-(f) cybersecurity essential requirements		 Chinese cybersecurity certifications and PIPL/CSL compliance do not satisfy North Macedonia GDPR-aligned data protection law or RED cybersecurity essential requirements. For internet-connected wireless devices, EN 303 645 conformity evidence should be included in the CE technical file. As an EU accession candidate, North Macedonia is expected to progressively adopt CRA obligations. Importers must assess data flows under the NM Law on Personal Data Protection.[INFORMATIONAL] Chinese PIPL/CSL/GB cybersecurity compliance does not satisfy North Macedonia GDPR-aligned data protection or RED Article 3(3) cybersecurity requirements. EN 303 645 conformity evidence is recommended for internet-connected devices; CRA applicability should be monitored as North Macedonia advances EU accession. Directorate for Personal Data Protection (DPDP), North Macedonia2026-06-17 · reference
Electrical Safety — EN IEC 62368-1 (230 V / 50 Hz / Type C/F) In China, electrical safety for information technology and audio/video equipment is governed by GB 4943.1 (equivalent to IEC 62368-1) and enforced through mandatory CCC certification administered by CNCA. Chinese mains supply is 220 V / 50 Hz with Type A and Type I plugs; Type C/F adapters may be required for North Macedonia.GB 4943.1-2022 (equivalent to IEC 62368-1) — IT and AV equipment safety
CCC Compulsory Certification (CNCA/SAC)		 North Macedonia operates on 220–230 V AC / 50 Hz mains power with Type C and Type F plugs (Schuko compatible). Under the CE/RED and Low Voltage Directive (LVD 2014/35/EU) transposed into North Macedonian law, wireless and IoT devices with an AC mains interface must comply with EN IEC 62368-1:2020+A11:2020 (Audio/Video, Information and Communication Technology Equipment — Safety Requirements). CCC certification under GB 4943.1 is not recognised. CE marking covering LVD compliance must be accompanied by a DoC referencing EN IEC 62368-1 and included in the technical file.EN IEC 62368-1:2020+A11:2020 — Audio/video/IT equipment safety
EU Directive 2014/35/EU (Low Voltage Directive, LVD)
EU Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) — Article 3(1)(a) safety essential requirement
Law on Electronic Communications of North Macedonia (Official Gazette 39/2014 and amendments)		 CCC certification under GB 4943.1 is not accepted in North Macedonia. EN IEC 62368-1 test reports from an accredited laboratory must be produced for the CE technical file. Mains voltage is compatible (220–230 V / 50 Hz) but plug type must be Type C or F (Schuko); Chinese Type A / I plugs require hardware adaptation. DoC referencing EN IEC 62368-1 must be available to AEK on request.[INFORMATIONAL] CCC/GB 4943.1 does not satisfy North Macedonia CE/LVD requirements. EN IEC 62368-1 test reports and a CE DoC are required. Plug hardware must be adapted to Type C/F (Schuko) for the North Macedonia market. AEK — Agency for Electronic Communications, North Macedonia2026-06-17 · reference
EMC — Radiated and Conducted Emissions In China, EMC emissions requirements for information technology and multimedia equipment are governed by GB/T 9254.1 (equivalent to CISPR 32) for radiated and conducted emissions, and GB/T 17625.1 (equivalent to IEC 61000-3-2) for harmonic current emissions. These are tested as part of CCC certification or voluntary SRRC compliance.GB/T 9254.1-2021 (emissions, equivalent to CISPR 32)
GB/T 17625.1-2022 (harmonic currents, equivalent to IEC 61000-3-2)
GB/T 17743-2021 (RF disturbances, household appliances)		 Under the CE/RED route adopted by North Macedonia, wireless devices must demonstrate EMC conformity against EN harmonised emissions standards. EN 55032 (CISPR 32) covers radiated and conducted emissions for multimedia equipment. EN 61000-3-2 applies to harmonic current emissions for equipment with input current up to 16 A per phase, and EN 61000-3-3 covers voltage fluctuations and flicker. Test reports must reference these EN/CISPR standards explicitly; GB-only test reports are not accepted as standalone evidence of conformity.EN 55032:2015+A11:2020 (CISPR 32) — Multimedia equipment emissions
EN IEC 61000-3-2:2019+A1:2021 — Harmonic current emissions
EN 61000-3-3:2013+A1:2019 — Voltage fluctuations and flicker
EU Directive 2014/30/EU (EMC Directive, applicable via RED technical file)
Law on Electronic Communications of North Macedonia (Official Gazette 39/2014)		 Chinese GB test reports are technically derived from equivalent CISPR/IEC bases but are not accepted as standalone CE conformity evidence. EN 55032 and EN 61000-3-2/-3-3 test reports from an accredited laboratory (preferably ILAC/APLAC MRA recognised) must be included in the CE technical file submitted or made available to AEK.[INFORMATIONAL] GB/T 9254.1 test data may be leveraged as a starting reference but cannot substitute for EN 55032 test reports. Accredited EN/CISPR-referenced testing is required for CE technical file completeness under AEK market surveillance. AEK — Agency for Electronic Communications, North Macedonia2026-06-17 · reference
EMC — Immunity Chinese immunity requirements for IT and multimedia equipment are covered by GB/T 9254.2 (equivalent to CISPR 35) and GB/T 17618 (equivalent to IEC 61000-4 series). These form part of the CCC certification scope for applicable product categories.GB/T 9254.2-2021 (immunity, equivalent to CISPR 35)
GB/T 17618-2015 (IT equipment immunity, equivalent to IEC 61000-4 series)		 North Macedonia's CE/RED framework requires wireless devices to demonstrate immunity to electromagnetic disturbances per EN 55035 (CISPR 35) for multimedia equipment immunity, supported by the IEC 61000-4 series (electrostatic discharge, radiated immunity, electrical fast transient, surge, conducted immunity, power frequency magnetic field, and voltage dips). Immunity test reports must reference EN standards and be included in the CE technical file.EN 55035:2017+A11:2020 (CISPR 35) — Multimedia equipment immunity
EN IEC 61000-4-2 — Electrostatic discharge immunity
EN IEC 61000-4-3 — Radiated RF immunity
EN IEC 61000-4-4 — Electrical fast transient / burst
EN IEC 61000-4-5 — Surge immunity
EN IEC 61000-4-6 — Conducted RF immunity
EN IEC 61000-4-11 — Voltage dips and interruptions		 CCC immunity test data referencing GB standards alone does not satisfy North Macedonia CE/AEK requirements. EN 55035 and relevant IEC 61000-4 series test reports from an accredited laboratory are required in the CE technical file. Gap is procedural rather than technical given the close alignment of GB and EN immunity standards.[INFORMATIONAL] GB/T 9254.2 and GB/T 17618 immunity data may support gap analysis but EN 55035 / IEC 61000-4 series test reports referenced in the CE technical file are required for AEK market surveillance compliance. AEK — Agency for Electronic Communications, North Macedonia2026-06-17 · reference
EU Authorised Representative / North Macedonia Importer Obligation In China, MIIT Network Access License (NAL) applications require a domestic Chinese entity as the applicant. There is no direct structural equivalent to the EU Authorised Representative role. Chinese exporters typically act as manufacturer and hold CCC certificates directly. No obligation exists to appoint a local EU-style representative for domestic Chinese sales.MIIT NAL regulations (Telecom Equipment Access Administration Measures)
CCC certification under CNCA — manufacturer-held		 Under the RED/CE framework transposed by North Macedonia, a non-EEA manufacturer placing wireless equipment on the North Macedonia market must appoint either an EU Authorised Representative (EU AR) established in an EU/EEA member state or a North Macedonia-based importer. The importer or EU AR must: (1) hold the Declaration of Conformity and technical file and make them available to AEK upon request; (2) ensure the product bears CE marking and the importer's or manufacturer's name, registered trade name, or registered trademark and postal address on the product or its packaging; (3) provide labelling information in Macedonian language where required by national law. The importer is responsible for market surveillance cooperation with AEK.EU Directive 2014/53/EU (RED) — Articles 16–17 (Importers and Authorised Representatives)
Law on Electronic Communications of North Macedonia (Official Gazette 39/2014 and amendments)
EU Regulation 765/2008 (market surveillance framework, applied by reference)
AEK market surveillance procedures		 Chinese manufacturers must appoint an EU AR (based in an EU/EEA country) or a North Macedonia-registered importer before any wireless product enters the North Macedonia market. The importer must submit the DoC to AEK, maintain the technical file for 10 years, and ensure Macedonian language labelling compliance. This is a structural requirement with no Chinese domestic equivalent.[INFORMATIONAL] Appointment of an EU Authorised Representative or North Macedonia-based importer is a mandatory pre-market requirement. The importer must submit the DoC to AEK and maintain the technical file. Macedonian language labelling is required. No Chinese domestic equivalent exists; this must be established as a new compliance step. AEK — Agency for Electronic Communications, North Macedonia2026-06-17 · reference
Radio Equipment / CE-RED Type Approval In China, wireless radio devices require SRRC (State Radio Regulation Commission) radio type approval issued by MIIT, a MIIT Network Access License (NAL / 入网许可证) for cellular and Wi-Fi products, and CCC certification under the Compulsory Certification system administered by CNCA. Applicable Chinese radio standards include GB 15629.11 (Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz), GB 15629.1102 (Wi-Fi 5 GHz), and SRRC approval for specific frequency bands.SRRC Radio Type Approval (MIIT)
MIIT Network Access License (NAL / 入网许可证)
CCC Compulsory Certification (CNCA)
GB 15629.11 (Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz)
GB 15629.1102 (Wi-Fi 5 GHz)		 North Macedonia has transposed EU Directive 2014/53/EU (Radio Equipment Directive, RED) into national law via the Law on Electronic Communications (Official Gazette 39/2014 and amendments). CE marking with a signed Declaration of Conformity (DoC) is mandatory for all wireless radio equipment placed on the market. No separate national radio type-approval certificate is required beyond the CE/DoC route. AEK (Agency for Electronic Communications) conducts market surveillance and requires the importer to make the DoC available upon request. Applicable harmonised radio standards include EN 300 328 (Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz), EN 301 893 (Wi-Fi 5 GHz), EN 300 440 (short-range devices), and EN 301 511 / EN 301 908 series (cellular).EU Directive 2014/53/EU (RED)
Law on Electronic Communications of North Macedonia (Official Gazette 39/2014 and amendments)
EN 300 328 v2.2.2 (Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz)
EN 301 893 v2.1.1 (Wi-Fi 5 GHz)
EN 300 440 v2.2.1 (short-range devices)
EN 301 511 v12.5.1 (GSM)
EN 301 908-1 v13.1.1 (IMT cellular)		 SRRC, CCC, and FCC certifications are not recognised in North Macedonia. The CE/DoC route under RED is the sole accepted path. A DoC signed by the EU Authorised Representative or North Macedonia importer must be submitted to AEK. No additional national radio certificate fee applies beyond CE compliance costs.[INFORMATIONAL] Chinese SRRC and CCC certifications do not satisfy North Macedonia RED/CE requirements. A full CE conformity assessment referencing applicable harmonised EN radio standards and a DoC submitted to AEK is required. AEK — Agency for Electronic Communications, North Macedonia2026-06-17 · reference

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